1. Mu'awiya son of Abu Sufyan
When Imam Ali (AS) was asked by all the Muslims to become Caliph in 35 A.H., one of the first things he did was to ask Mu'awiya to forego his governorship of Syria and give an account of his actions. Mu'awiya, however, wanted the Caliphate himself, and claimed that he was an independent authority and not under the Muslim state.
This led to the battle of Siffin, which came to an unsatisfactory conclusion in 37 A.H. Some of the factors leading to the success of Mu'awiya in Syria were the following:
i.The excuse of revenge for the murder of Uthman.
ii.The battle of Jamal led by Ayesha.
iii.The uncompromising nature of Imam Ali's (AS) faith.
iv.The murder of Imam Ali (AS) by Abdur Rahman ibne Muljam.
v.The cunning and treacherous nature of Muawiya himself.
After the death of Imam Ali (AS), Mu'awiya turned his attention to Imam Hasan (AS). Just as his father had done, Imam Hasan (AS) wrote to Mu'awiya telling him that the crimes he was committing against innocent Muslims were unacceptable. Imam Hasan (AS) asked the Kufans to assist him in battle against Mu'awiya.
However, the Kufans were either bribed or threatened by Mu'awiya, and being very fickle people, they deserted Imam Hasan (AS). At the gathering ground of Nukhayla, only 4,000 men turned out to fight and Imam Hasan (AS) was forced to return to Kufa disappointed. To save the lives of the few sincere Muslims, Imam Hasan (AS) had to sign a treaty with Mu'awiya.
Mu'awiya arranged the murder of Imam Hasan (AS). He promised Ju'da binte Ash'ath, a wife of Imam Hasan (AS), 100,000 dirhams and the hand of his son Yazid in marriage if she poisoned her husband. The cursed woman carried out the evil task and Imam Hasan (AS) breathed his last on 7th Safar 50 A.H.
Muawiya, may Allah's Curse be on him always, finally died in Rajab of 60 A.H.
2. Yazid son of Muawiya
In 60 A.H. this devil declared himself ruler of all Muslims. Yazid was a man of extremely evil habits. He was a drunkard, gambler, womaniser and murderer. He only ruled for 3 years. In the first year he killed Imam Husain (AS) and his companions in Karbala and made their women and children prisoners.
During the second year he ordered his soldiers to enter Madina and do what they liked. As a result, 1,000 people were killed, including 700 close Companions of the Prophet (p.b.u.h). In addition 1,000 women were assaulted and forced to surrender their dignity to Yazid's men. In the third year, Yazid mounted an attack on the Ka'ba, aiming to destroy it with giant catapults.
Not content with committing crimes in Kerbala, Makka and Madina, Yazid appointed Ubaidullah ibne Ziyad as governor of Kufa with specific orders to hunt out and kill the Shia of Imam Ali (AS). Ubaidullah carried out the orders of his master by imprisoning, exiling, hanging or amputating the limbs of the Shia. Yazid's rule ended with his death in 64 A.H. Before his death, he appointed his son Mu'awiya as his heir.
This led to the battle of Siffin, which came to an unsatisfactory conclusion in 37 A.H. Some of the factors leading to the success of Mu'awiya in Syria were the following:
i.The excuse of revenge for the murder of Uthman.
ii.The battle of Jamal led by Ayesha.
iii.The uncompromising nature of Imam Ali's (AS) faith.
iv.The murder of Imam Ali (AS) by Abdur Rahman ibne Muljam.
v.The cunning and treacherous nature of Muawiya himself.
After the death of Imam Ali (AS), Mu'awiya turned his attention to Imam Hasan (AS). Just as his father had done, Imam Hasan (AS) wrote to Mu'awiya telling him that the crimes he was committing against innocent Muslims were unacceptable. Imam Hasan (AS) asked the Kufans to assist him in battle against Mu'awiya.
However, the Kufans were either bribed or threatened by Mu'awiya, and being very fickle people, they deserted Imam Hasan (AS). At the gathering ground of Nukhayla, only 4,000 men turned out to fight and Imam Hasan (AS) was forced to return to Kufa disappointed. To save the lives of the few sincere Muslims, Imam Hasan (AS) had to sign a treaty with Mu'awiya.
Mu'awiya arranged the murder of Imam Hasan (AS). He promised Ju'da binte Ash'ath, a wife of Imam Hasan (AS), 100,000 dirhams and the hand of his son Yazid in marriage if she poisoned her husband. The cursed woman carried out the evil task and Imam Hasan (AS) breathed his last on 7th Safar 50 A.H.
Muawiya, may Allah's Curse be on him always, finally died in Rajab of 60 A.H.
2. Yazid son of Muawiya
In 60 A.H. this devil declared himself ruler of all Muslims. Yazid was a man of extremely evil habits. He was a drunkard, gambler, womaniser and murderer. He only ruled for 3 years. In the first year he killed Imam Husain (AS) and his companions in Karbala and made their women and children prisoners.
During the second year he ordered his soldiers to enter Madina and do what they liked. As a result, 1,000 people were killed, including 700 close Companions of the Prophet (p.b.u.h). In addition 1,000 women were assaulted and forced to surrender their dignity to Yazid's men. In the third year, Yazid mounted an attack on the Ka'ba, aiming to destroy it with giant catapults.
Not content with committing crimes in Kerbala, Makka and Madina, Yazid appointed Ubaidullah ibne Ziyad as governor of Kufa with specific orders to hunt out and kill the Shia of Imam Ali (AS). Ubaidullah carried out the orders of his master by imprisoning, exiling, hanging or amputating the limbs of the Shia. Yazid's rule ended with his death in 64 A.H. Before his death, he appointed his son Mu'awiya as his heir.
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